答案：

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mzg3MTg0NDM1Ng==&mid=2247493092&idx=4&sn=36749427a22065fc9409b18138d4e3a6&chksm=cefafa8ff98d73994a70162a15e54a27f067db3c09b9878ed28e7a86a601de986c9c8976b095&scene=21#wechat_redirect

Section 1

You will hear a student phoning to enquire about a car for sale.

Francis Hello. Can I speak to… ah… the advert doesn’t give a name.

Bob Well, the name is Bob, and I guess this call is about the car I’m selling, right?

Francis Yes. My name’s Francis, and I’m definitely interested.

Bob You’ll like my car then. Clean, neat, nice.

Francis What sort is it?

Bob Oh, the original model was called an Echo – you know, like the echo a sound can make, but then they changed the name to Q1‘ Yaris’ just before I bought it. Yaris I don’t know why. I liked the old name, and it’s the same car, but that’s what it’s called.

Francis So, what’s the colour? The ad says it’s cream-coloured. Like cream then?

Bob Yeah, well, it’s more of aQ2 yellow colour, actually.

Francis Not cream?

Bob No. I don’t know why I said that. It’s like a canary, and small like one, too.

Francis So what about the power? How many cylinders does it have? Four or six? My brother has a six-cylinder car, and says it’s very powerful.

Bob Well, this one’sQ3 four only , but I find it fine for city driving. As long as you don’t intend to drive this car interstate, or across the country, it does the job fine.

Francis That’s okay. I just want the car basically for commuting to work, and maybe some weekend trips. Is it two-door, or four-door? I suppose it’s not four-door. The car’s too small for that, right?

Bob Right! JustQ4 two doors, as you say. The front seat bends forward to allow entry into the rear.

Francis That’s fine by me. This car is just for my girlfriend and I, anyway. Ah, what about accessories? Radio, CD player, anything else? Does it have an air conditioner?

Bob Well, no, it doesn’t, but I don’t find that a problem. I just open the window. I mean, if you really want, you can pay to have an AC installed. Basically, the only additional feature this car has is aQ5 radio, but it’s still a great deal.

Francis That depends on the price. You say you want $12,800, right?

Bob Yep. About that.

Francis Well, obviously you expect the price to be reduced to an even figure, right?

Bob Well, I don’t know…

Francis $12,000.

Bob $12,500 maybe.

Francis If you can lower it a bit, I’ll come and have a look, okay?

Bob Okay, okay, let’s sayQ6 $12,400. But I won’t lower it any more than that, certainly not to

$12,000.

Francis Well, if I can get that better price, I may come over this afternoon. But what year is this car? Flow old is it? My brother’s got a 12-year-old car, and it’s showing problems.

Bob Well, my car was brand-new, onlyQ7 three years ago, but it still looks like it’s only been one year on the road.

Francis Okay, that sounds good.

Francis Can I just ask a few more general questions about this car you’re selling? [Sure.] Can you just tell me why you think it’s such a good deal? Of course, I won’t necessarily believe you, but just tell me what you think.

Bob You can believe me. I honestly think this is a nice car, well worth buying at the price I’m asking.

Francis How much rego… registration does it have left?

Bob Oh, ah, to be honest, not so much, but I think having lots of registration is irrelevant. It’s the car you’re paying for – the quality and advantages of the engine itself.

Francis Well, what about that, then?

Bob Okay, many people like to accelerate down the freeways, right? There are a lot of speed demons out there who think quickness is all that matters, but basically people are mostly trapped in city traffic, so one of the things I like is that, because this car is small, you can put it anywhere. Say you’re in the city, wanting to duck into a shop. Well, you canQ8 fit this car in any little space while you go shopping or do other things, and that saves you a lot of time.

Francis Yeah, but it’s not that powerful, right?

Bob Oh sure, the feel of a smoothly purring six-cylinder engine attracts many people, but I compare my car to those small football players, with the tight turning circles – those who can run rings around the larger players. This car is like that.Q9 It can turn this way and that way, dodge here, duck in there, sneak around corners, squeeze ahead, and grab a position. That’s also very useful when travelling in city traffic.

Francis Okay, I’ll think about it.

Bob Sure, think about it, but all these advantages are sound, and appeal to other buyers as well. No one holds the same car forever, so you can say exactly the same things that I just said when yon want to sell the car. That will make it very easy for you toQ10 pass this car onto the next buyer.

Francis Yeah. Maybe you’re right.

Section 2

You will hear a university administrator telling a group of new students about the central campus buildings and the facilities they provide.

Welcome, everyone, to the Brandon complex, the geographical and, we could say, spiritual heart of this university. This is basically where everyone eats too, as you can see by looking around. There are many different cuisines here: Chinese, Indian, and Middle-Eastern, plus the usual fare of a local type, all in that corner oyer there.

We have many shops here too, but the biggest is Wilsons, right there, providing clothing and hardware. That’sQ11 next to all the restaurants. Now, on the opposite side of Wilsons we have three shops. The one in the corner there, closest to the restaurants, is forQ12 DVDs. Yes, the DVDs arc cheap and affordable, and you can also rent DVD players as well.

Moving on, in the corner directly opposite Wilsons is theQ13 Student Union Office. Incidentally, you are all encouraged to join the student union, as a student union card gives you many benefits, including discounts on basically everything you can buy here at the Brandon complex.

Outside this complex, on the other side of the road you can just see it from here, in fact is a building that we call by the rather unusual name, the H-Building. Next to this, on the other side of some trees, along the main road, is theQ14 Engineering Institute, but that doesn’t have anything to do with the Brandon complex. One last thing is that just outside this door, near us here, you can see a grassy oval patch. Well, that’s the playing field for what we simply call theQ15 Fitness Room, which is alongside. So, you can put on some calories here at the restaurants, and then burn them off at the Fitness Room afterwards.

Oh. I forgot to mention this shop right here, in the middle, beside the Student Union. It’s theQ16 bookshop, and as you can sec, it’s always busy, always popular. You can buy newspapers, magazines, and stationery there, plus a few clothing items as well, just as you can at Wilsons. Why don’t you go and take a: look right now?

Now, I’d like to tell you a bit more about one of the buildings here; namely, the H-Building. Despite its bland name, you might be interested in what goes on there. It is our main recreational centre, with halls, offices, and space available for a variety of activities, mostly for those who want to get fit. For example, if you’re interested in yoga, you’re in luck, since four days a week there are free yoga classes. They have several levels, so if you’re a beginner, you’d have to start with that. You can check the schedules on the wall there. Yoga used to be at night, but now it’s in the mornings, butQ17 not on Wednesdays.

Along those same lines, there’s aerobic dancing in the afternoon. This shares the same room as the badminton games, which are on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The aerobics are on the alternate days:Q18 Tuesdays and Thursdays, and it’s not restricted at all. Everyone is welcome to join, although the instructor may divide you up, of course, according to ability.

And, just to show how diverse the H-Building is, there’s even some spiritual solace available there inside the multi-denominational prayer centre, with individual booths and a variety of holy scriptures and texts available to read, from all the major religions of the world. That’s open all day over the weekend, butQ19 not at night time, when the rooms are for private booking. Finally, tor those of you of a cerebral nature, the university chess club operates at night. That’s open from 8 pm every… ah… is it Wednesday? Or Monday? No, sorry,Q20 Friday, and I think it closes at about 11.30 pm. So, there’s something for everyone in the H-Building.

Section 3

You will hear two students, Dylan and Emily, discussing a presentation which they will have to make.

Dylan: Okay Emily, as you know, we’ve got to do this presentation together.

Emily: I know. I’m a little bit nervous about it. Standing up in front of all those people. And what if the

presentation fails. What if…

Dylan: Don’t worry. I’ve been reading a book about giving effective presentations. It’s not that hard, but the way to do it is certainly not always obvious, either. For example, do you know what the most important part of a presentation is?

Emily: The final summary, I guess.

Dylan: The opposite: theQ21 first minute, in fact. The theory says that that first minute is when you win or lose the audience. If you lose them at that point, you’ll probably never get them back. So that’s why you need a hook.

Emily: A hook? You mean, like when you catch fish?

Dylan: Yes. I mean, not exactly, but yes – we want to catch the audience, right? So we need to start in a way which wakes them up, gets them interested, and makes them watch us.

Emily: I see.

Dylan: Basically, no matter how good our presentation is, if the message doesn’t get across, the presentation fails. So, we need to give a fact which really amazes them, or anQ22 interesting story, or pose a dilemma which makes them think – something they can really puzzle over. It’s better if this is related to the subject, of course – something to do with management, in our case.

Emily: So that’s the hook?

Dylan: That’s right. From then on, we’ll just follow the basic advice.

Emily: Like what?

Dylan: Like… talk to your audience – you know,Q23 as equals. Don’t talk down to them, or up to them. They’re just the same as us, right?

Emily: You’re right, you know. Some of the best presentations I’ve ever seen sounded just like conversations.

Dylan: Exactly. And what else made them good?

Emily: Well, the speakers… sort of… involved me in the topic and issues underQ24 discussion, by asking questions, by… ah… referring to me – y’know, by saying ‘you’ and, well, basically, they were interesting.

Dylan: And they’re exactly the tips we’ll follow, too. It should be fine.

Dylan: Emily, I think this will be a fine presentation, but how are we going to divide it up? For example, who’s going to open it? You or me?

Emily: Well, I think you have a very natural style, so you should start. This talk has five main parts, so you can introduce it, and then do Part One.

Dylan: That’s theQ25 historical context, or background to the issue.

Emily: Yes, then I’ll do Part Two – about current views. You do Part Three, and I’ll do Part Four, leaving both of us to handle the Question Time.

Dylan: I’m okay with that. In Part One, I’ll probably speak at length about Hoffman’s theory, about management styles, and compareQ26 differences in culture in relation to the style of management used.

Emily: That sounds good. Those differences are important, and certainly relevant to the current times. Hoffman makes some excellent points, too, on this issue. That’s why I’ll follow up with present day perspectives and viewpoints on this, such as the problems facing today’s managers in the complexQ27 multicultural workplace, where basically one can no longer assume one is dealing with a single culture in the workplace, but actually a multi-culture.

Dylan: That sounds good also. Then I’ll take over, discussing the implications and problems of this.

Emily: I suppose you’ll look at the Pluralist movement?

Dylan: Yeah, I was thinking about that, but then I changed my mind. I’ve decided I’ll look at theQ28 Productive Diversity argument. It’s more interesting anyway, so I’ll go with that.

Emily: Then I’ll tell everyone what we’ve decided is the best business practice, or what is most likely to work in midst situations, which is basically ignoring Pluralism and Productive Diversity, and linking everything back to Cotter’s Theory of HumanQ29 Universals.

Dylan: Yes, the theory that argues modern management should target the universals of human nature, Right, and that leaves both of us to field questions at the end.

Emily: Are there any questions we can predict, so that we have some good answers ready? About resolving industrial disputes, for example.

Dylan: Well, I’d say that industrial democracy usually surprises people, so we should expect a lot of questions about that.

Emily: Yes, the theory is that it increases productivity, and reduces industrial delays.

Dylan: And results in better decision-making, but that’s all theory. Most people would think thatQ30 industrial democracy is just about unworkable in practice, so let’s be ready to explore that issue in some depth, as well as any other related topics, okay?

Emily: Okay.

Section 4

You will hear a lecturer discussing the possibility of creating nuclear fusion.

We look at the sun – a huge ball streaming out essentially limitless energy into space – and we think about how we need that energy here on Earth. Our oil reserves are running out, coal-burning causes much pollution, and nuclear energy has many dangers. But where does the sun itself get its energy? The answer is that the sun makes it using fusion, or, more specifically, in a Q31“hydrogen fusion process’.There is no pollution, no radioactivity, no waste products, and we have plenty of hydrogen. So, hydrogen fusion seems the perfect answer to our energy needs, and scientists have long attempted to achieve it here on Earth.

So, what happens during this process? The first step is to make two light atomic particlesQ32 approach. In the case of our sun, these are hydrogen particles – the lightest and also the easiest to deal with. However, the problem is that the nuclei of atoms have electric fields, and fusion between these particles is opposed by theirQ33 similar electric charge. They most naturally repel each other, and the nuclei of all elements are exactly the same in this respect. Thus, in order to overcome this repulsion and force them together, in the second step, theQ34 particles are heated. The trouble is… you need a lot of heat – incredible temperatures – of the sort only seen on the surface of the sun. This is many millions of degrees, far higher than the melting point of any known material. Still, the concept is simple: the hot, wildly moving particles, which are now called ‘plasma’, will crash into each other, resulting in the third step, the fusion into helium, which releasesQ35 energy, and begins a self-sustained process.

So, we know how fusion works, thus, the big question is, can we create it here on Earth? We actually have the technology to superheat hydrogen into plasma, but no container on Earth can deal with those temperatures. Thus, we need to coniine this superheated material so that it doesn’t touch anything, for that, we need a special reactor, and most research has focused on an apparatus known as a Tokamak system. That’sQ36 T-O-K-A-M-A-K, an acronym from some Russian words meaning ‘toroidal chamber with magnetic field’. It’s an apt name, since a very powerfulQ37 magnetic field is used to confine and suspend the superhot plasma in the air, so that it doesn’t touch anything. This is possible only because this plasma has an electric charge, which interacts with the magnetic field. Of course, the walls of the fusion vessel will still gel hot — very hot, and to avoid being melted, they must beQ38 cooled with a cryogenic system to intensely low temperatures. But now, we are faced with the second problem. If we are to draw power from this system, the reaction must be continuous and controllable; however, when fusion begins, (he plasma becomesQ39 unstable, and at these temperatures, that is a very serious situation. If we lose control, a disaster could result.

Despite the obstacles, in 2010, a European device managed some success, but needed far more power to generate the fusion reaction than that produced from the fusion itself. Obviously then, it was not useful as a power source. More to the point, this system could only sustain a fusion reaction for aQ40 fraction of a second, yet, to self-sustain, the fusion needs to run for at least 10 seconds. And the future looks… bleak! Unfortunately, most scientists predict that many decades will have to pass before fusion power can become a practical reality.